In this Halloween special we will be taking a look at the customs and traditions that that place at the onset of winter in Britain and Ireland, including the festivals of Samhain, Halloween, All Saint's, All Soul's, and Guy Fawkes Night. Many of the customs of this period draw from both a Christian festival for the dead, as well as from earlier pagan winter festivities that involved charms, divinations, and appeals to the deities of the natural world. Plus, a surprising amount of these customs have continued through into our modern Halloween traditions! So join us for all the fire, lambs-wool and apple-pips you could dream of!

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Sources:

• ‘A Glossary of Words Used in the Neighbourhood of Whitby’ by Francis Kildale Robinson 
• Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Volume 2 
• ‘Christmas in Ritual and Tradition’, by Clement A. Miles 
• ‘Crossing the Border: Provincial Records of Southeast Scotland’ by Eila Williamson and John J McGavin in ‘REED in Review: Essays in Celebration of the First Twenty-five Years, Volume 8’ edited by Audrey W. Douglas, Sally-Beth MacLean 
• ‘The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore’ by Patricia Monaghan 
• ‘The Religion of the Ancient Celts’ by A. MacCulloch 
• ‘The Golden Bough’ by Sir James George Frazer 
• ‘Observations on the popular antiquities of Great Britain: chiefly illustrating the origin of our vulgar and provincial customs, ceremonies and superstitions’ by John Brand 
• ‘The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain’ by Ronald Hutton 
• ‘The Every-Day Book’ by William Hone